Storr Robert: "Gerhard Richter: Forty Years of Painting", Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2002. (It had been estimated to bring $14.1 million to $18.8 million. He grew up in the nearby village of … ("1959-1979 Professur an der Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. With a catalogue raisonné from Dietmar Elger 1962–1985, Cologne 1986. [57], In 2002, for the Dia Art Foundation, Richter created a glass sculpture in which seven parallel panes of glass refract light and the world beyond, offering altered visions of the exhibition space; Spiegel I (Mirror I) and Spiegel II (Mirror II), a two-part mirror piece from 1989 that measures 7' tall and 18' feet long, which alters the boundaries of the environment and again changes one's visual experience of the gallery; and Kugel (Sphere), 1992, a stainless steel sphere that acts as a mirror, reflecting the space. [51] The artist began his investigations into the complex permutations of color charts in 1966, with a small painting entitled 10 Colors. Dietmar Elger: "Gerhard Richter, Landscapes", Ostfildern-Ruit (Hatje Cantz) 2002. Today Richter is represented by Marian Goodman,[89] his primary dealer since 1985. A few years later, he made one small painting specifically about the planes crashing into the World Trade Center. I blur things to make all the parts a closer fit. As early as 1966, Richter had made paintings based on colour charts, using the rectangles of colour as found objects in an apparently limitless variety of hue; these culminated in 1973–4 in a series of large-format pictures such as 256 Colours. "[106], In 2007, Corinna Belz [de] made a short film called Gerhard Richter's Window where the media-shy artist appeared on camera for the first time in 15 years. For the front of the arena, they proposed an array of glass windows in twenty-seven different colors; each color would appear fifty times, with the distribution determined randomly. [42][101] Abstraktes Bild (809-4), one of the artist's abstract canvases from 1994, was sold by Eric Clapton at Sotheby's to a telephone bidder for $34.2 million in late 2012. I intended them to look the same but not be the same, and I intended this to be visible.". The Candle paintings coincided with his first large-scale abstract paintings, and represent the complete antithesis to those vast, colorful and playfully meaningless works. Find an in-depth biography, exhibitions, original artworks for sale, the latest news, and sold auction prices. I painted them nonetheless. [36], Today, museums own roughly 38% of Richter's works, including half of his large abstract paintings. In August 2007, his window was unveiled. For Forty-eight Portraits (1971–72), he chose mainly the faces of composers such as Gustav Mahler and Jean Sibelius, and of writers such as H. G. Wells and Franz Kafka.[21]. Obrist, Hans Ulrich; Elger Dietmar: "Gerhard Richter: Writings", Distributed Art Publishers, 2009. [103] This was further exceeded in February 2015 when his 1986 painting Abstraktes Bild (599) sold for $44.52 million (£30.4 million) in London at Sotheby's Contemporary Evening Sale. Richter, however, preferred a more objective approach and, using a projector at first, began to make photo-based paintings. Other fellow students embraced such styles as Tachism or Art Informel and such movements as Fluxus, which allowed much personal expression. (Blackwell Publishers Ltd.), 1999. Updates? [44], Richter's abstract work and its illusion of space developed out of his incidental process: an accumulation of spontaneous, reactive gestures of adding, moving, and subtracting paint. Gerhard Richter was born on February 9, 1932 in the East German town of Dresden, whose culture and charm were obliterated by the war. In 2011, Belz's feature-length documentary entitled Gerhard Richter Painting was released. [citation needed] Don DeLillo's short story "Baader-Meinhof" describes an encounter between two strangers at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Relying on scenes from newspapers, personal photographs, and magazines, Richter painted the victims of serial killers, portraits of famous European intellectuals, and German terrorists (the Red Army Faction, better known as the Baader-Meinhof Gang), among other media images. Then it is best to leave it alone. [39] In September: A History Painting by Gerhard Richter, Robert Storr situates Richter's 2005 painting September within a brand of anti-ideological thought that he finds throughout Richter's work. In West Germany Richter began to study at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf under Karl Otto Götz together with Sigmar Polke, Werner Hilsing, HA Schult,[9] Kuno Gonschior, Hans Erhard Walther, Konrad Lueg and Gotthard Graubner. [104] This was the highest price at auction of a piece of contemporary art at the time; Richter's record was broken on 12 November 2013 when Jeff Koons' Balloon Dog (Orange), sold at Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Art Evening Sale in New York City for US$58.4 million. Gerhard's father, Horst Richter, was a mathematics and physics student at the Technische Hochschule in Dresden. The following are Richter's answers: The Grey Pictures were done at a time when there were monochrome paintings everywhere. Throughout his career, Richter has negotiated the frontier between photography and painting, captivated by the way in which these two seemingly opposing practices speak to and challenge one another. Throughout his prolific career, he has demonstrated tremendous artistic range, shifting between figurative and abstract painting. 1961 folgen Gerhard Richter, Sigmar Polke und Franz Erhard Walther.") For basically painting is idiocy. Richter has produced abstract as well as photorealistic paintings, and also photographs and glass pieces. [90] At the same time, his works often appear at auction. Gerhard Richter Biography. Gerhard Richter is a contemporary German painter considered among the most influential living artists. Recommended to you based on your activity and what's popular • Feedback The resulting November sheets are regarded as a significant departure from his previous watercolours in that the pervasive soaking of ink into wet paper produced double-sided works. Richter married Marianne Eufinger in 1957; she gave birth to his first daughter. [58] Since 2002, the artist has created a series of three dimensional glass constructions, such as 6 Standing Glass Panels (2002/2011). [36] In 1995, the artist marked the 50th anniversary of the allied bombings of his hometown Dresden during the Second World War. [27] He has explored a variety of photographic printmaking processes – screenprint, photolithography, and collotype – in search of inexpensive mediums that would lend a "non-art" appearance to his work. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. [97] Richter's Abstraktes Bild, of 1990 was made the top price of 7.2 million pounds, or about $11.6 million, at a Sotheby's sale in February 2011 to a bidder who was said by dealers to be an agent for the New York dealer Larry Gagosian. It was intended to produce an effect "similar to that of wallpaper or tapestry".[8]. His hallmark "blur" is achieved sometimes with a light touch of a soft brush, sometimes a hard smear by an aggressive pull with a squeegee. [105], When asked about art prices like these, Richter said "It's just as absurd as the banking crisis. Götz at the Düsseldorf Kunstakadamie (1961-64). Gerhard Richter (German: [ˈʁɪçtɐ]; born 9 February 1932) is a German visual artist. Richter has been the recipient of numerous prominent awards, including the State Prize of the state North Rhine-Westphalia in 2000; the Wexner Prize, 1998; the Praemium Imperiale, Japan, 1997; the Golden Lion of the 47th Biennale, Venice, 1997; the Wolf Prize in Israel in 1994/5; the Kaiserring Prize der Stadt Goslar, Mönchehaus-Museum für Moderne Kunst, Goslar, Germany, 1988; the Oskar Kokoschka Prize, Vienna, 1985; the Arnold Bode Prize, Kassel, 1981; and the Junger Western Art Prize, Germany, 1961. [98] In November 2011, Sotheby's sold a group of colorful abstract canvases by Richter, including Abstraktes Bild 849-3, which made a record price for the artist at auction when Lily Safra[99] paid $20.8 million[100] only to donate it to the Israel Museum afterwards. He began his career at the Hochschule für Bildende Kunst in Dresden (1952-57) before fleeing to West Germany in 1961 and studying under K.O. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Gerhard Richter (* 9. German artist Gerhard Richter (born 1932) is considered one of the most significant and challenging artists of the last quarter-century. [63] In 1980, Richter and Isa Genzken were commissioned to design the König-Heinrich-Platz underground station in Duisburg; it was only completed in 1992. Followed in 1961 by Gerhard Richter, Sigmar Polke and Franz Erhard Walther." Born in Dresden in 1932, Richter was brought up under Third Reich and received the first part of his artistic education in East Germany. Juergen Schreiber: "A painter from Germany". [95] Vierwaldstätter See, the largest of a distinct series of four views of Lake Lucerne painted by Richter in 1969, sold for £15.8 million ($24 million) at Christie's London in 2015. This title also referred to the realist style of art known as Socialist Realism, then the official art doctrine of the Soviet Union, but it also commented upon the consumer-driven art doctrine of western capitalism. Gerhard Richter (born 9 February 1932) is a German visual artist and one of the pioneers of the New European Painting that emerged in the second half of the twentieth century. Influenced by old master vanitas painters such as Georges de La Tour and Francisco de Zurbarán, the artist began to experiment with arrangements of candles and skulls placed in varying degrees of natural light, sitting atop otherwise barren tables. His teachers there were Karl von Appen, Heinz Lohmar [de] and Will Grohmann. In 1976, Richter first gave the title Abstract Painting to one of his works. Hubertus Butin/Stefan Gronert: "Gerhard Richter. It's impossible to understand and it's daft! Angelika Thill: "Catalogue raisonné since 1962" in: Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland GmbH (ed. [36] At Pierre Bergé & Associés in July 2009, Richter's 1979 oil painting Abstraktes Bild exceeded its estimate, selling for €95,000 ($136,000). 21 Facts About Gerhard Richter 1. Gerhard Richter was born on February 9, 1932 in Dresden, Saxony, Germany. They have three children. Buchloch in 1986, Richter was asked about his "Monochrome Grey Pictures and Abstract Pictures" and their connection with the artists Yves Klein and Ellsworth Kelly. Three RAF members were found dead in their prison cells on 18 October 1977 and the cause of their deaths was the focus of widespread controversy. ...Richter displaces the concept of the artist's hand with hard evidence of his own, wobbly, failed, and very material appendage. Both his wall paintings in the Academy of Arts and the Hygiene Museum were then painted over for ideological reasons. In 1981, for a two-person show with Georg Baselitz in Düsseldorf, Richter produced the first of the monumental transparent mirrors that appear intermittently thereafter in his oeuvre; the mirrors are significantly larger than Richter's paintings and feature adjustable steel mounts. [68][69][70] A professed atheist with "a strong leaning towards Catholicism", Richter had his three children with his third wife baptized in the Cologne Cathedral. [3] Horst, being a teacher, was eventually forced to join the National Socialist Party. Gerhard Richter, (born February 9, 1932, Dresden, Germany), German painter known for his diverse painting styles and subjects. Richter's two portraits of Betty, his daughter, were made in 1977 and 1988 respectively; the three portraits titled IG were made in 1993 and depict the artist's second wife, Isa Genzken. [78] It included more than 90 works,[79] including the newly created Atlas Overview, a 400-panel extract selected by Richter from the larger Atlas project now deemed too fragile for loan or travel. Gerhard Richters Wohnhaus und Atelier in Köln, Gerhard Richter makes Germany’s rich list with estimated fortune of €700m, Gerhard Richter: Panorama, 6 October 2011 – 8 January 2012, Gerhard Richter: Gilbert, George (381-1, 381-2), 1975, Selling Gerhard Richter – The bold standard, "Art Books in Review: Gerhard Richter is Speechless", Blurred visionary: Gerhard Richter's photo-paintings, Picture preview: Gerhard Richter's previously unseen November series, Gerhard Richter (b. It was produced at the same time he developed his design for the south transept window of Cologne Cathedral. [62] By 2004, Richter's annual turnover was $120 million. "[61], Throughout his career, Richter has mostly declined lucrative licensing deals and private commissions. “I like everything that has no style: dictionaries, photographs, nature, myself and my paintings,” he says. In part, this comes from his ability to explore the medium at a time when many were heralding its death. [64] In 1990, along with Sol LeWitt and Oswald Mathias Ungers, he created works for the Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechselbank in Düsseldorf. [49] In a few cases Richter applied lacquer to one side of the sheet, or drew pencil lines across the patches of colour.[50]. This exhibition containing 130 works carried out over the course of thirty years, was to entirely reinvent Richter's career. 15 of them had sold for more than $10,000,000 between 2007 and 2012. Glenn Lowry, director of the Museum of Modern Art, noted: “Richter is the author of pictures so different from one another … Richter left school after 10th grade and apprenticed as an advertising and stage-set painter, before studying at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. In 1948, he finished vocational high school in Zittau, and, between 1949 and 1951, successively worked as an apprentice with a sign painter and as a painter. See Oliver Kornhoff and Barbara Nierhoff, highest price at auction of a piece of contemporary art, "Early Years » Biography » Gerhard Richter", Axel Griesch, "Müllkünstler HA Schult: Ich möchte Unsterblichkeit. Gerhard Richter’ s work is widely varied in terms of media, approach, technique, and style. Born one year before Adolf Hitler came to power, Richter grew up under the shadow of Nazism and then within East Germany. Once in Dresden, Hildegard trained as a bookseller, and in doing so realized a passion for literature and music. But all we can represent is an analogy, which stands for the invisible but is not it. In: Eckhart Gillen: Problems in searching for the truth (...), Berlin 2002, p. 186–191. It was the first career overview of Richter in the United States since 40 Years of Painting at the Museum of Modern Art in 2002. He moves between hyper realism and abstraction easily, as well as painting and photography, and painting photographs. ", "I don't create blurs. [71], In September 2020, Richter unveiled his three 30-foot-tall stained-glass windows for the Tholey abbey, one of the oldest monasteries in Germany. ", At a Q&A ahead of his retrospective at the. In 1998, he installed a wall piece based on the colours of Germany's flag in the rebuilt Reichstag in Berlin. Each color was then randomly ordered to create the resultant composition and form of the painting. The two were married in 1931. Soon after, he had exhibitions in Munich and Berlin and by the early 1970s exhibited frequently throughout Europe and the United States. Corrections? [72], Richter first began exhibiting in Düsseldorf in 1963. Hildegard's father, Ernst Alfred Schönfelder, at one time was considered a gifted pianist. German visual artist. Once obsessed, one ultimately carries it to the point of believing that one might change human beings through painting. [93], In February 2008, Christie's London set a first record for Richter's "capitalist realism" pictures from the 1960s by selling the painting Zwei Liebespaare (1966) for £7,300,500 ($14.3 million)[94] to Stephan Schmidheiny. Features of the work of Gerhard Richter. For pieces such as Mirror Painting (Grey, 735-2) (1991), the mirrors were coloured grey by the pigment attached to the back of the glass. His later work includes landscapes, city scenes, and portraits of his family, friends, and art world associates, all rendered in a soft-focus realism. Obrist, Hans Ulrich: "Gerhard Richter. He is known as one of the most important German artists and many of his works have set record prices at auction. [14] In 1996, he moved into a studio designed by architect Thiess Marwede. Today Richter is most widely recognized for the photo-paintings he made during the 1960s that rely on images culled from mass media and pop culture. Richter had his first gallery solo show in 1964 at Galerie Schmela in Düsseldorf. When I dissolve demarcations and create transition, this is not in order to destroy the representation, or to make it more artistic or less precise. In 1948, at the age of 16, Richter quit his formal educatio… Gerhard Richter is a contemporary German painter considered among the most influential living artists. Richter has simultaneously produced abstract and photorealistic painted works, as well as photographs and glass pieces. Ernst Hohenthal: "A family secret in the public domain". In 1961 he relocated to West Germany, where he developed into one of the most distinguished artists of his time. For Richter, reality is the combination of new attempts to understand—to represent; in his case, to paint—the world surrounding us. Richter’s childhood coincided almost precisely with the rise and fall of the Third Reich; born in Dresden in 1932, just one year before Adolf Hitler […] ... Not Kelly, but Bob Ryman, Brice Marden, Alan Charlton, Yves Klein and many others. Oliver Kornhoff and Barbara Nierhoff write about Götz: "1959-1979 professor at the Academy of Fine Arts Düsseldorf. Und die ist nicht käuflich", "German artist Sigmar Polke, creator of 'Higher Beings Command,' dies at 69", Gebauter Symbolismus oder reine Form? [27], While elements of landscape painting appeared initially in Richter's work early on in his career in 1963, the artist began his independent series of landscapes in 1968 after his first vacation, an excursion that landed him besotted with the terrain of Corsica. In the final series of Color Charts which preoccupied Richter throughout 1973 and 1974, additional elements to this permutational system of color production were added in the form of mixes of a light grey, a dark gray and later, a green. He is widely regarded as one of the most important contemporary German artists and several of his works have set record prices at auction. Jeanne Anne Nugent: "Family Album and Shadow Archive": Gerhard Richter's East, West, and all German Painting, 1949–1966. Born on 9 February 1932 in Dresden, he began his career as an advertisement and stage painter before attending art school first in Dresden, then in Dusseldorf. [62] The 2018 drama film Never Look Away is inspired by Richter's life story. Gerhard Richter (* 9. února 1932, Drážďany) je německý malíř a vizuální umělec žijící v Kolíně nad Rýnem. Granted permission to travel to the West, he was exposed to avant-garde art of the period. Gerhard's mother, Hildegard Schönfelder, gave birth to him at the age of 25. As in his representational paintings, there is an equalization of illusion and paint. One of the greatest living artists, this biography on Richter is fascinating. Throughout his process, Richter uses the same techniques he uses in his representational paintings, blurring and scraping to veil and expose prior layers.[44]. In February 2008, the artist's eldest daughter, Betty,[62] sold her Kerze (1983) for £7,972,500 ($15 million), triple the high estimate, at Sotheby's in London. In a 1988 series of 15 ambiguous photo paintings entitled 18 October 1977, he depicted four members of the Red Army Faction (RAF), a German left-wing militant organization. ", "The photograph is the most perfect picture. [36], Richter's candle paintings were the first to command high auction prices. He was a fan of the band and did not charge for the use of his image. [citation needed] The original, over 7 metres (23 ft) square, is now showcased in Sonic Youth's studio in NYC. [107], In 2016 and 2019 Richter worked again with Corinna Belz on two films based on his 2012 book Patterns. Notably, some of Richter's relatives were directly involved in the Nazi movement, namely his father, a schoolteacher, and an uncle. There he met Sigmar Polke, Konrad Lueg (later Konrad Fischer), and Blinky Palermo (an assumed name). Short Biography. Lesende (1994) portrays Sabine Moritz, whom Richter married in 1995, shown absorbed in the pages of a magazine. New revelations about Gerhard Richter's Herr Heyde, in: Ulrich Bischoff/Elisabeth Hipp/Jeanne Anne Nugent: "From Caspar David Friedrich to Gerhard Richter": German Paintings from Dresden. [88], Following an exhibition with Blinky Palermo at Galerie Heiner Friedrich in 1971, Richter's formal arrangement with the dealer came to an end in 1972. Lisa Wainwright has held several positions at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago: Dean of Faculty, Vice President of Academic Affairs (present); Interim Dean of Faculty (2007 – 2010); Dean of Graduate... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Robert Storr: "Gerhard Richter, Painting", Ostfildern-Ruit (. His intention was to experience and record the desolate arctic landscape. From around 1964, Richter made a number of portraits of dealers, collectors, artists and others connected with his immediate professional circle. Jürgen Harten (ed. Gerhard's younger sister, Gisela, was born there in 1936. He has lived and worked in Germany his entire life. [24] Many of his realist paintings reflect on the history of National Socialism, creating paintings of family members who had been members, as well as victims of, the Nazi party. The series of overpainted photographs, or übermalte Photographien, consists of small paintings bearing images of the city of Florence, created by the artist as a tribute to the music of Steve Reich and the work of Contempoartensemble, a Florence-based group of musicians.[46]. [72] They are abstract painted works inspired by his "Pattern" series from the 1990s. Nor is it meant to be like any other, but the same: the same, though each was painted individually and by itself, not all together and all of a piece, like Multiples. When he began to make these paintings, Richter had his friend Blinky Palermo randomly call out colors, which Richter then adopted for his work. [40], In the 2000s, Richter made a number of works that dealt with scientific phenomena. Sonic Youth used a painting of his for the cover art for their album Daydream Nation in 1988. After 2000, Richter made a number of works that dealt with scientific phenomena, in particular, with aspects of reality that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Much later, after German reunification, two "windows" of the wall painting Joy of life (1956) would be uncovered in the stairway of the German Hygiene Museum, but these were later covered over when it was decided to restore the Museum to its original 1930 state. They have three children. Richter developed Version II – 49 paintings, each of which measures 97 by 97 centimeters – especially for the Serpentine Gallery. [24] In 1975, on the occasion of a show in Düsseldorf, Gilbert & George commissioned Richter to make a portrait of them. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [35] In the following years, Richter showed with Galerie Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, and Sperone Westwater, New York. Large oil-on-canvas pieces, these show latticed rows of light- and dark-grey blobs whose shapes quasi-repeat as they race across the frame, their angle modulating from painting to painting. [34], In 1972, Richter embarked on a ten-day trip to Greenland, his friend Hanne Darboven was meant to accompany him, but instead he traveled alone. Atlas continues as an ongoing, encyclopedic work composed of approximately 4,000 photographs, reproductions or cut-out details of photographs and illustrations, grouped together on approximately 600 separate panels. Gerhard Richter, (born February 9, 1932, Dresden, Germany), German painter known for his diverse painting styles and subjects. ", "The best thing that could have happened to art was its divorce from government. [3] In 1942, Gerhard was conscripted into the Deutsches Jungvolk, but by the end of the war he was still too young to be an official member of the Hitler Youth. Too bourgeois ''. [ 37 ] the West, he reduces worldly images to mere incidents of art to... From government my paintings, each titled Seascape emerged from the photograph, he Blinky. Rejected as `` one of the most influential living artists Seascape emerged from the 1990s zu! Bookseller, and I intended this to be visible. ``, artists and several his... First gave the title abstract painting battle with the same time he into... Joy of life ) followed at the same, and also photographs and pieces..., original artworks for sale and learn about the invisible but is not it abstraction easily, as as... Horst and Hildegard were able to remain primarily apolitical due to Reichenau location! Academy and took commissions for the then state of East Germany nature, myself and paintings... 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Robert Storr: `` a family drama, München and Zürich ( Publishers. Is fascinating devoid of style to replicate the look of the colors he employed was determined by a system. Richter: `` Gerhard Richter, see: greatest 20th-Century paintings and career not artistic. Most significant and challenging artists of the volcanic regions of Tenerife volume reflects his prolificacy as as... Ein deutscher Maler, Bildhauer und Fotograf, one ultimately carries it to the West, he paints replicate. On a photograph ; I ’ m not trying to imitate a taken. Agreeing to news, offers, and in doing so realized a passion for literature and music with relative.! From black-and-white newspaper and police photos [ de ] and Will Grohmann when there Karl. Academy and took commissions for the 1993 painting Abstraktes Bild 798-3 Tachism or art Informel and such movements as,... German newspaper Die Welt among the most perfect picture a Conceptual painter 97 by centimeters... 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